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Thomas Heyward Jr. Biography

Thomas Heyward Jr.'s life exemplifies the dedication and commitment that shaped the early United States. From his upbringing in South Carolina to his role in the fight for independence, Heyward's journey offers insight into the principles that underpinned the founding of a constitutional republic. His contributions, both in the courtroom and on the battlefield, reflect a belief in liberty and justice that continues to resonate today.

Early Life and Education

Thomas Heyward Jr. was born on July 28, 1746, at his family's plantation in St. Luke's Parish, now Jasper County, South Carolina. His father, Colonel Daniel Heyward, was a wealthy planter who ensured Thomas received a comprehensive education at the best available institution in the province.

Heyward's early education focused on classical studies and Latin. He furthered his legal training under a noted barrister in South Carolina and then in England. In 1765, he was admitted to the Middle Temple in London, and by 1770, he had been called to the bar.

His time in England proved enlightening. Heyward observed the dismissive attitude of native-born Englishmen toward colonial subjects, noting clear prejudice in governmental appointments. This experience shifted his views away from his father's loyalist stance.

After his studies, Heyward toured Europe. This journey offered him rich perspectives, contrasting the perceived decadence of European societies with the simpler lifestyle of his fellow Americans. He found the latter more commendable, strengthening his belief in the need for independence.

Returning to South Carolina in 1771, Heyward was admitted to the Charleston Bar. He combined his legal practice with managing his family's plantations. His European experiences had clearly defined his political ethos, setting the stage for his future contributions as a patriot.

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Young Thomas Heyward Jr. studying in a colonial-era library

Political and Military Involvement

By the mid-1770s, Thomas Heyward Jr.'s political engagement was notable. Elected to the General Assembly of South Carolina in 1772, he played a role in opposing British policies. Heyward's activism led to his election to the First and Second Provincial Congresses of South Carolina, where he helped draft the state's new constitution in 1776.

Heyward was elected to the Continental Congress in early 1776. As a delegate, he supported Richard Henry Lee's resolution for independence. On July 2, 1776, he voted for independence, and on August 2, he signed the Declaration of Independence.

Following his return to South Carolina in 1778, Heyward accepted an appointment as a circuit judge and served in the South Carolina militia as a Captain of Artillery. During the Battle of Port Royal Island in February 1779, he sustained an arm injury. He later commanded the cannon defenses at the "Hornwork" during the British siege of Charleston in 1780.

After Charleston fell, Heyward was captured and transported to a prison ship in St. Augustine, Florida. He endured 11 months of imprisonment before being exchanged in 1781. During his voyage back, he nearly drowned but was rescued.

  • Estates ravaged and property destroyed upon return
  • Resumed judicial responsibilities
  • Continued to serve in the South Carolina General Assembly
  • Elected to the Second Continental Congress
  • Signed the Articles of Confederation in 1778

Heyward's journey, marked by personal sacrifices and commitment to independence and governance, exemplifies the legacy of the Founding Fathers in charting the course for the United States of America.

Thomas Heyward Jr. signing the Declaration of Independence

Judicial and Post-War Contributions

Following his return to South Carolina, Thomas Heyward Jr. served as a circuit judge, fully immersing himself in laying the judicial foundation of the nascent state. He adjudicated cases with strict adherence to the rule of law, a principle later enshrined in the United States Constitution.

Heyward's commitment to justice was tested during treason trials involving individuals who had collaborated with British forces. He upheld the newly established laws of the state, demonstrating an unwavering commitment to order and sovereignty.

In governance, Heyward played a key role in drafting the South Carolina state constitution. His legal acumen and political insights were pivotal in framing a document that reflected the aspirations of a free and self-governing citizenry.

Heyward also influenced the agricultural domain. As the first president of the Agricultural Society of South Carolina, founded in 1785, he advocated for agricultural advancements and innovation. He worked to introduce new crops and farming techniques, boosting the productivity of South Carolina's plantations.

"Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful and most noble employment of man." – Thomas Jefferson

After retiring from public life in 1790, Heyward returned to his White Hall plantation. He remained active in local governance, serving as a trustee for the College of Charleston and as a vestryman in his parish.

Thomas Heyward Jr. passed away on April 17, 1809. His contributions to justice, governance, and agricultural prosperity helped shape the foundational years of the United States, influencing the principles that define the nation's Constitution.

Personal Life and Legacy

Thomas Heyward Jr.'s personal life was marked by both joy and sorrow. He married Elizabeth Mathews in 1773, and they had six children, though only one survived into adulthood. Elizabeth passed away in 1782 due to childbirth complications. In 1786, Heyward remarried Elizabeth Savage, and they had three children who lived into adulthood.

Heyward's legacy extended through his descendants, including:

  • Duncan Clinch Heyward, who served as the Governor of South Carolina from 1903 to 1907
  • DuBose Heyward, author of "Porgy," which inspired the opera "Porgy and Bess"

Upon his death in 1809, Heyward was buried in the family cemetery at Old House Plantation in Jasper County. His gravesite, now a state-designated historic site, features a monument with his bust.

Dr. Benjamin Rush, a fellow signer of the Declaration of Independence, described Heyward as "a firm Republican of good education and most amiable manners," capturing the essence of his character and the respect he commanded among his peers.

Thomas Heyward Jr.'s story embodies the dedication to liberty and justice that shaped the American Republic. His contributions continue to inspire and guide the nation's ideals as encapsulated in the United States Constitution.

Thomas Heyward Jr. with his family at their South Carolina plantation

Thomas Heyward Jr.'s legacy reminds us of the enduring values that form the foundation of the United States Constitution. His life's work, marked by resilience and commitment to justice, serves as an inspiration for future generations. The principles he championed continue to guide the nation, reflecting the wisdom and vision of the Founding Fathers.

  1. Lumpkin R. From Savannah to Yorktown: The American Revolution in the South. University of South Carolina Press; 1981.
  2. Boatner MM. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Stackpole Books; 1994.
  3. McCrady E. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1775-1780. Russell & Russell; 1969.